No bacteria, yeast cells, parasites, or squamous cells are present. A few crystals are normally seen. Red blood cells in the urine may be caused by kidney or bladder injury, kidney stones , a urinary tract infection UTI , inflammation of the kidneys glomerulonephritis , a kidney or bladder tumor, or systemic lupus erythematosus SLE. White blood cells pus in the urine may be caused by a urinary tract infection, bladder tumor, inflammation of the kidneys, systemic lupus erythematosus SLE , or inflammation in the vagina or under the foreskin of the penis.
Depending on the type, casts can mean inflammation or damage to the tiny tubes in the kidneys, poor blood supply to the kidneys, metal poisoning such as lead or mercury , heart failure , or a bacterial infection. Large amounts of crystals, or certain types of crystals, can mean kidney stones, damaged kidneys, or problems with metabolism.
Some medicines and some types of urinary tract infections can also increase the number of crystals in urine. Bacteria in the urine mean a urinary tract infection UTI. Yeast cells or parasites such as the parasite that causes trichomoniasis can mean an infection of the urinary tract. The presence of squamous cells may mean that the sample is not as pure as it needs to be.
These cells do not mean there is a medical problem, but your doctor may ask that you give another urine sample. Normal: —2, milliliters mL per 24 hours. Current as of: September 23, Gabica MD - Family Medicine. Author: Healthwise Staff. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content.
To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Updated visitor guidelines. You are here Home » Urine Test. Top of the page. Test Overview A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys.
More than different tests can be done on urine. The urinary tract includes the kidneys, the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder ureters , and the bladder. It also includes the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body urethra. To check the treatment of conditions such as diabetes, kidney stones, a urinary tract infection UTI , high blood pressure, or some kidney or liver diseases.
As part of a regular physical examination. How To Prepare Before the test, don't eat foods that can change the color of your urine. Examples of these include blackberries, beets, and rhubarb. Don't do heavy exercise before the test. Tell your doctor ALL the medicines, vitamins, supplements, and herbal remedies you take. Some may increase the risk of problems during your test.
Your doctor will tell you if you should stop taking any of them before the test and how soon to do it. How It Is Done A urine test can be done in your doctor's office, clinic, or lab. Clean-catch midstream urine collection You will be asked to collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample for testing. Wash your hands before collecting the urine. If the container has a lid, remove the lid and set it down with the inner surface up. Urine pH is used to classify urine as either a dilute acid or base solution.
Seven is the point of neutrality on the pH scale. The lower the pH, the greater the acidity of a solution; the higher the pH, the greater the alkalinity. The glomerular filtrate of blood is usually acidified by the kidneys from a pH of approximately 7. Depending on the person's acid-base status, the pH of urine may range from 4.
The kidneys maintain normal acid-base balance primarily through the reabsorption of sodium and the tubular secretion of hydrogen and ammonium ions. Urine becomes increasingly acidic as the amount of sodium and excess acid retained by the body increases. A person should ask their doctor if they should stop taking certain medications the night or morning of a urinalysis. Because many factors affect urine pH, and because it can vary greatly, a doctor cannot diagnose a medical condition based on pH alone.
For instance, a pH of over 7 could signal a UTI or a different kind of infection. A doctor may consider urine pH along with other symptoms to make a diagnosis. They may also order a urine pH test to study the effectiveness of kidney stone treatments. Medications such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide aim to make urine more alkaline, so a doctor may take more than one sample to see whether the pH is changing.
This means that a person will clean their genital area, release a small amount of urine, and collect 1—2 ounces of urine for pH testing. A urine pH test does not cause side effects.
A person will urinate as they normally would to provide the sample. The acidity or alkalinity of urine can help a doctor diagnose medical conditions. Doctors can test urine pH using a litmus paper test. A doctor can perform a urine pH test as part of a larger urinalysis test, or a they can specifically test urine pH.
Urine is normally warm because it comes from inside the body, which has a core temperature of Hot urine occurs when urine is hotter than…. A person will usually urinate more frequently at certain times of day and when they are well hydrated. However, some medical conditions cause a person….
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